• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a metal and / or ceramic micro-lattice structure (1), comprising an alternation of first layers (C1) and second layers (C2) formed by tubes (2.1, 2.2), and nested into each other to form open loops co-operating in pairs to form knots (8.1, 8.2) with articulated / rotated nature.
    公开号:FR3077814A1
    申请号:FR1851123
    申请日:2018-02-09
    公开日:2019-08-16
    发明作者:Olivier Dellea；Olivier Lebaigue；Francois Tardif
    申请人:Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA；Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METALLIC AND / OR CERAMIC STRUCTURE IN MICRO-MESH AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF
    DESCRIPTION
    The invention relates to the field of micro-lattice structures, made of metallic and / or ceramic materials.
    The invention finds applications in particular in the mechanical industry, in particular for its kinetic energy absorption properties. It also finds applications in the acoustic and thermal fields.
    Micro-lattice structures, also known by the English name "micro-lattices", emerged as a result of the search for materials capable of meeting the ever increasing requirements of industrial specifications, particularly in terms of lightness and mechanical strength.
    Many techniques have already been proposed for the realization of these structures, the strands of which converge towards nodes which are deemed to be rigid. Among these techniques, it is noted that consisting of stamping, folding, then assembly by brazing of the primary elements of the structure. Other techniques have also been proposed, such as the method of wires assembled by brazing on a specific tool, additive manufacturing, or even photolithography.
    In all cases, the micro-lattice structure which is obtained has rigid nodes, implying that the strands located between these nodes only deform in tension or in compression. This results in a bracing phenomenon of the strands stressed in compression, which leads to a rapid collapse of the structure under stress.
    Thus, there remains a need to improve the design of these micro-lattice structures, so that they exhibit improved mechanical behavior while being able to be mass produced, using conventional techniques.
    To meet this need, the invention relates to a micro-lattice structure, comprising an alternation of first layers and second layers in a first direction of the structure;
    each first layer comprising a plurality of first tubes each extending in a plane parallel to a first reference plane defined by said first direction of the structure as well as by a second direction orthogonal to the first;
    each second layer comprising a plurality of second tubes each extending in a plane parallel to a second reference plane defined by said first direction of the structure as well as by a third direction orthogonal to the first and distinct from the second;
    each first tube defining, in said second direction, an alternation of first and second open loops respectively in a first direction of the first direction, and in a second direction of the first direction opposite to the first;
    each second tube defining, in said third direction, an alternation of third and fourth loops open respectively in the first direction of the first direction, and in the second direction of the first direction;
    the first and second layers being nested one inside the other such that each first open loop of each first tube of any given first layer is crossed by one of the fourth open loops of one of the second tubes of the second layer directly consecutive to said first layer given in the second direction of the first direction, the two loops concerned being secured to each other at their respective loop bottoms so as to form a first micro node trellis;
    and such that each second open loop of each first tube of said first given layer, is crossed by one of the third open loops of one of the second tubes of the second layer directly consecutive to said first given layer according to the first sense of the first direction, the two loops concerned being secured to each other at their respective loop bottoms so as to form a second micro-lattice node.
    The invention turns out to be advantageous first of all in that it has a large range of elastic deformation in compression, tension and shear, due to the particular design which has been adopted. In fact, the first and second nodes formed at the points of contact between the bottoms of open loops can behave in the manner of articulated / ball-joint nodes. The strands converging at these nodes are no longer subject to the risk of bracing, implying that the collapse of the structure is much more progressive than in the embodiments of the prior art.
    As an indicative example, the structure according to the invention has a capacity to elastically deform which is of the order of ten times greater than that encountered with the embodiments of the prior art, before reaching the plasticity threshold at the knots.
    In addition, the structure according to the invention may have a very low mass, a high temperature resistance, a high permeability, as well as a manufacture compatible with a mass production of parts having large volumes, for example greater than the decimetre- cube.
    Furthermore, the invention preferably provides at least one of the following optional characteristics, taken individually or in combination.
    Preferably, the first, second, third and fourth open loops are each in the form of an arc of a circle, over an angular sector comprised between 10 and 180 ° and more preferably comprised between 60 and 75 °, and according to a radius of curvature of 0.1 to 10 mm, and more preferably between 1 and 2 mm.
    Preferably, within each tube, the open loops are connected together by connecting strands, preferably straight and of length between 20 and 100,000 μm, and more preferably between 6 and 12 mm. Alternatively, these connecting strands can be curved.
    Preferably, said second and third directions are inclined relative to one another at an angle of inclination ranging from 10 to 90 °, and preferably of the order of 90 °.
    Preferably, each tube defines a hollow with a diameter of between 10 and 1000 μm.
    Preferably, each tube has a wall thickness of between 0.01 and 300 µm.
    Preferably, each tube has a periodic shape whose elementary pattern has a length of between 100 and 10,000 μm, and even more preferably between 2 and 4 mm.
    Preferably, two first directly consecutive layers or two second directly consecutive layers are spaced from one another in the first direction, by a pitch of between 100 and 10,000 μm and even more preferably between 3 and 5 mm.
    Preferably, the structure has a relative density of the order of 0.005 to 0.015, and more preferably of the order of 0.01.
    Preferably, the structure is made of metallic material, ceramic material, or according to a combination of the two, preferably from at least any one of the following elements:
    - nickel, zinc, chromium, tin, copper, gold, silver, platinum, rhodium, aluminum;
    - diamond, DLC, alumina, zirconia, tin oxide, zinc oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride.
    The subject of the invention is also a method of manufacturing such a metallic and / or ceramic structure in micro-lattice, comprising the following steps:
    - Production of a textile support having a shape similar to that of the structure to be produced;
    - deposit of metallic and / or ceramic material on said textile support; and
    - Preferably, partial or total elimination of said textile support.
    Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear in the detailed non-limiting description below.
    This description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings, among which;
    - Figure 1 shows a perspective view on a very large scale of a metallic structure in micro-lattice, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
    - Figure 2 shows a side view of the structure shown in Figure 1, in the third direction of the structure;
    - Figure 3 shows another side view of the structure shown in Figure 1, in the second direction of the structure; and
    - Figure 4 is an enlarged perspective view of part of the structure shown in Figure 1.
    Referring to Figures 1 to 4, there is shown a metal structure 1 in micro-lattice, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. This structure could alternatively be made of ceramic, or else of several metallic and ceramic materials, for example in the form of overlapping coatings. An external coating of polymer material on the tubes forming the structure is also possible, without departing from the scope of the invention.
    The advantage of this structure lies essentially in its great capacity for absorbing mechanical energy, thanks to the elasticity provided by the particular design which will now be described. This so-called layered design is based on the alternation of first layers C1 and second layers C2, in a first direction DI of the structure corresponding to the direction of height in the figures.
    Each first layer C1 comprises a plurality of first tubes 2.1 each extending in a plane parallel to a first reference plane PI, defined by the first direction DI as well as by a second direction D2 which is orthogonal to the direction Dl. The first parallel tubes 2.1 each define an alternation of first loops 4a and second loops 4b, in the second direction D2. The first loops 4a are open in a first direction S1 of the first direction Dl, while the second loops 4b are open in a second direction S2 of this first direction, the second direction S2 being opposite to the first direction SI and oriented downwards in the figures.
    Similarly, each second layer C2 comprises a plurality of second tubes 2.2 each extending in a plane parallel to a second reference plane P2, defined by the first direction D1 as well as by a third direction D3 which is also orthogonal to the direction D1, and distinct from the second direction D2. The second parallel tubes 2.2 each define an alternation of third loops 4c and fourth loops 4d, in the third direction D3. The third loops 4c are open in the first direction S1 of the first direction Dl, while the fourth loops 4d are open in the second direction S2 of this first direction.
    Within each tube 2.1, 2.2, the successive loops are connected by connecting strands 6, which are straight or curved. The loops 4a-4d are preferably in the form of an arc of a circle, which implies that each tube preferably adopts a shape close to a sinusoidal shape. In this regard, it is indicated that the first and second tubes 2.1, 2.2 each have a periodic shape, respectively having elementary patterns Mel and Me2 which are preferably identical.
    As is best visible in FIGS. 2 and 3, for two first layers C1 directly consecutive in the stack in the direction Dl, the first tubes 2.1 of one of these two layers C1 are offset by a value of a half-length of the elementary pattern Mel with respect to the tubes 2.1 of the other layer C1. Also, for two second layers C2 directly consecutive in the stack in the direction Dl, the second tubes 2.2 of one of these two layers C2 are offset by a value of half a length of the elementary pattern Me2 with respect to the tubes 2.2 of the other layer C1. Consequently, all of the first tubes 2.1 of the first layers C1 are staggered, likewise that the assembly formed by the second tubes 2.2 of the second layers C2.
    In this preferred embodiment, the second and third directions D2, D3 are orthogonal to each other, so that an angle of inclination Ai of about 90 ° is retained between these two directions. However, the angle Ai could have a different value, for example between 10 and 90 °.
    One of the particularities of the invention resides in the overlapping of the alternating layers C1, C2. Indeed, each first open loop 4a of each first tube 2.1 of any given first layer C1, is crossed by one of the fourth open loops 4d of one of the second tubes 2.2 of the second directly consecutive layer, according to the second direction S2. The two loops 4a, 4d which cross here orthogonally are secured to each other at their respective loop bottoms, so as to form a first micro-lattice node, referenced 8.1 in Figures 1 and 4. This first node 8.1, formed by the contact point inside the two loops 4a, 4d, thus exhibits flexibility giving it an articulated / swiveled character. Each of these loops 4a, 4d forms two strands delimited by the node 8.1, and these are thus four strands which extend here in two orthogonal planes, starting from this first node 8.1.
    Similarly, each second open loop 4b of each first tube 2.1 of any given first layer C1, is crossed by one of the third open loops 4c of one of the second tubes 2.2 of the second directly consecutive layer, according to the first sense IF. The two loops 4b, 4c which cross here orthogonally are secured to each other at their respective loop bottoms, so as to form a second micro-lattice node, referenced 8.2 in Figures 1 and 4. This first node 8.2, formed by the contact point inside the two loops 4b, 4c, thus exhibits flexibility giving it an articulated / swiveled character. Each of these loops 4b, 4c forms two strands delimited by the node 8.2, and these are thus four strands which extend here in two orthogonal planes, starting from this second node 8.2.
    With reference now to FIG. 4, the dimensioning of the structure 1 in micro-lattice, the volume of which may exceed the cubic decimeter, will be described. First of all, the angular sector A1 along which each loop 4a-4d extends is between 10 and 180 °, but preferably retained between 60 and 75 °. The radius of curvature R of these circular arcs is between 0.1 and 10 mm, and more preferably between 1 and 2 mm. The length L of each connecting strand 6, connecting two consecutive loops of each tube, is of the order of 20 and 100,000 μm, and more preferably between 6 and 12 mm.
    Furthermore, each tube 2.1, 2.2 defines a hollow with a diameter D of between 10 and 1000 μm, and the wall thickness E is between 0.01 and 300 μm. In addition, two first directly consecutive layers C1 are spaced from one another in the first direction D1, with a pitch Pal of between 100 and 10,000 μm, and preferably between 3 and 5 mm. This pitch Pal is referenced in FIG. 2, while a pitch Pa2 between two second directly consecutive layers C2, referenced in FIG. 3, has a value identical to the pitch Pal. Finally, the elementary patterns Mel, Me2 respectively have a length L1, L2 of between 100 and 10,000 μm, and preferably between 2 and 4 mm.
    The micro-lattice structure 1 is made of metallic material, preferably from at least any one of the following elements from nickel, zinc, chromium, tin, copper, gold, l silver, platinum, rhodium, aluminum.
    Thanks to the particular design of the invention, it is possible to obtain a structure having the following technical characteristics:
    - density from 3 to 300 kg.m '3;
    - relative density of the order of 0.005 to 0.015, and more preferably of the order of 0.01;
    - elastic deformation> 40%;
    - operating temperature range from -200 to +400 ° C;
    - open porosity> 90%;
    - thermal conductivity from 0.012 to 1.2 Wm _1 .K 1 (in a vacuum)
    There will now be described a preferred method of manufacturing the structure 1 in micro-lattice, which allows mass production.
    First of all, a textile support is made with a shape similar to that of the structure 1 to be manufactured. This textile support can be of the knitting type, and made of polymer material.
    This textile support is then the subject of a deposition of metallic material, for example nickel. To make this deposit all around the textile support, different techniques can be used. For example, the chemical deposition of nickel on the textile forming the substrate is a possible possibility.
    To do this, a degreasing of the textile support is first carried out by rinsing in an isopropanol (IPA) type solvent. Then, a catalyst is deposited on the textile support, by immersion in a bath of palladium acetate diluted in isopropanol. Drying is then carried out in the oven at 70 ° C for 1 hour. Finally, Nickel is deposited by immersion in a NIPOL MPB bath at 80-86 ° C for several hours. NIPOL MBP is a medium phosphorous chemical nickel process allowing the deposit of bright alloys on substrates. This technology is notably offered by the company Technic France®.
    Other deposition techniques are nevertheless possible, such as electrophoretic deposition, or even conventional CVD and PVD techniques.
    Finally, a last step of the manufacturing process lies in the total or partial elimination of the polymeric textile support, by conventional techniques of the sodium hydroxide type, organic solvents, plasma, or pyrolysis.
    By way of example, this chemical elimination is carried out by immersion of the sample in a NaOH bath at 60 ° C. for 24 hours.
    However, this disposal step remains optional, since the textile support can be kept. As a result, the tubes of the structure thus produced can be hollow, completely filled, or partially filled, preferably with a polymeric material which was used to form the tubes.
    Of course, various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art to the invention which has just been described only by way of examples, and the scope of which is defined by the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Metallic and / or ceramic structure in micro-lattice (1), comprising an alternation of first layers (Cl) and second layers (C2) in a first direction (Dl) of the structure;
    each first layer (C1) comprising a plurality of first tubes (2.1) each extending in a plane parallel to a first reference plane (PI) defined by said first direction (Dl) of the structure as well as by a second direction ( D2) orthogonal to the first;
    each second layer (C2) comprising a plurality of second tubes (2.2) each extending in a plane parallel to a second reference plane (P2) defined by said first direction (Dl) of the structure as well as by a third direction ( D3) orthogonal to the first and distinct from the second;
    each first tube (2.1) defining, in said second direction (D2), an alternation of first and second loops (4a, 4b) open respectively in a first direction (SI) of the first direction, and in a second direction (S2) from the first direction opposite the first;
    each second tube (2.2) defining, in said third direction (D3), an alternation of third and fourth loops (4c, 4d) open respectively in the first direction (SI) of the first direction, and in the second direction (S2) from the first direction;
    the first and second layers being nested one inside the other such that each first open loop (4a) of each first tube (2.1) of any given first layer (Cl), is crossed by one of the fourth loops open (4d) of one of the second tubes (2.2) of the second layer (C2) directly consecutive to said first layer given in the second direction of (S2) the first direction, the two loops concerned (4a, 4d) being secured to each other at their respective loop bottoms so as to form a first micro-lattice node (8.1);
    and such that each second open loop (4b) of each first tube (2.1) of said first given layer (Cl), is crossed by one of the third open loops (4c) of one of the second tubes (2.2 ) of the second layer (C2) directly consecutive to said first layer given in the first direction (SI) of the first direction, the two loops concerned (4b, 4c) being secured to each other at their bottoms respective loop so as to form a second micro-lattice node (8.2).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the first, second, third and fourth open loops (4a-4d) are each in the form of an arc of a circle, over an angular sector (Al) between 10 and 180 ° , and more preferably between 60 and 75 °, and according to a radius of curvature (R) of 0.1 to 10 mm, and more preferably between 1 and 2 mm.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Structure according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that within each tube (2.1, 2.2), the open loops (4a-4d) are interconnected by connecting strands (6), preferably straight and of length (L) between 20 and 100,000 μm, and more preferably between 6 and 12 mm.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Micro-lattice structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said second and third directions (D2, D3) are inclined relative to each other at an angle of inclination (Ai) ranging from 10 to 90 °, and preferably of the order of 90 °.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each tube (2.1, 2.2) delimits a hollow of diameter (D) between 10 and 1000 μm.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each tube (2.1, 2.2) has a wall thickness (E) of between 0.01 and 300 µm.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each tube (2.1, 2.2) has a periodic shape whose elementary pattern (Mel, Me2) has a length (L1, L2) of between 100 and 10,000 pm, and preferably between 2 and 4 mm.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two directly consecutive first layers (Cl) or two directly consecutive second layers (C2) are spaced from each other in the first direction (Dl), a pitch (Pal, Pa2) of between 100 and 10,000 µm, and preferably between 3 and 5 mm.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a relative density of the order of 0.005 to 0.015, and more preferably of the order of 0.01.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is made of metallic material, of ceramic material, or according to a combination of the two, preferably from at least any one of the following elements :
    - nickel, zinc, chromium, tin, copper, gold, silver, platinum, rhodium, aluminum;
    - diamond, DLC, alumina, zirconia, tin oxide, zinc oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Method for manufacturing a metallic and / or ceramic structure in micro-lattice (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    - Production of a textile support having a shape similar to that of the structure to be produced;
    - deposit of metallic and / or ceramic material on said textile support; and
    - Preferably, partial or total elimination of said textile support.
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    同族专利:
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    FR3077814B1|2020-03-13|
    EP3524571B1|2022-03-16|
    US10710337B2|2020-07-14|
    引用文献:
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    WO2006130558A2|2005-06-01|2006-12-07|The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois|Flexible structures for sensors and electronics|
    WO2013025800A2|2011-08-17|2013-02-21|Hrl Laboratories, Llc|Ultra-light micro-lattices and a method for forming the same|
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    FR3033333A1|2015-03-06|2016-09-09|Commissariat Energie Atomique|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REAL-TIME DETECTION OF A SECRETED COMPOUND AND THE SECRETORY TARGET AND USES THEREOF|
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    法律状态:
    2019-02-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2019-08-16| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20190816 |
    2020-02-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2021-02-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1851123A|FR3077814B1|2018-02-09|2018-02-09|METALLIC AND / OR CERAMIC STRUCTURE IN MICRO-MESH AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF|
    FR1851123|2018-02-09|FR1851123A| FR3077814B1|2018-02-09|2018-02-09|METALLIC AND / OR CERAMIC STRUCTURE IN MICRO-MESH AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF|
    EP19155441.9A| EP3524571B1|2018-02-09|2019-02-05|Metal and/or ceramic structure in the shape of a micro-woven mesh method manufacture thereof|
    US16/268,841| US10710337B2|2018-02-09|2019-02-06|Metal and/or ceramic microlattice structure and its manufacturing method|
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